皮带输送机跑偏、托辊运转不灵活，详解故障原因和应对方案

Belt conveyor deviation, idler operation is not flexible, detailed reasons for failure and Countermeasures

皮带输送机的应用范围广，且工作环境一般较为恶劣，保持输送机运行中的良好工作状态，延长输送设备的使用寿命，提高运行质量，降低运营成本一直是工程技术人员追求的目标之一。

The application range of belt conveyer is wide, and the working environment is generally bad. It is one of the goals for engineers and technicians to keep the good working condition of the conveyor, prolong the service life of the conveyer, improve the running quality and reduce the operating cost.

本文针对皮带输送机皮带跑偏、托辊运转不灵活这两个典型的故障，详细分析了故障原因，并提出解决问题的一些有效方法。

In this paper, in view of the two typical failures of belt conveyor belt deviation and inflexible running of the roller, this paper analyzes the cause of the fault in detail, and puts forward some effective methods to solve the problem.

输送带跑偏现象及解决方案

The deviation and solution of the conveyer belt

在皮带输送机中，输送带是重要的、也是最昂贵的部件之一，其价格约占输送机总价格的25%～50%。输送带既是牵引构件，传递动力和运动，又是承载构件，支撑物料载荷，工作情况较为复杂，经常会遇到输送带跑偏的情况发生。

Conveyor belt is one of the most important and expensive components in belt conveyors. Its price is about 25% to 50% of the total price of conveyor. The conveyer belt is not only a traction component, but also the transmission of power and movement. It is also a bearing component. It supports the load of the material, and the working condition is more complicated.

由于输送带跑偏可能造成输送带边缘与机架相摩擦，导致输送带边缘过早损坏，轻则影响输送机的使用寿命、影响物料的输送量；重则造成撒料、甚至停机事故的发生，直接影响生产。

Because the conveyor belt deviation may cause friction between the edge of the conveyor belt and the frame, leading to premature damage to the edge of the conveyer belt, light affects the service life of the conveyor and the delivery of the material.

1跑偏原因

1 reasons for deviation

引起输送带跑偏的原因主要有以下一些因素。

The main reasons for the deviation of the conveyor belt are the following factors.

(1)设备自身方面：

(1) equipment itself:

①架体刚性差，在载荷作用下变形较大；

(1) the rigidity of the frame is poor, and the deformation is larger under load.

②滚筒的外圆圆柱度误差较大；

The error of the cylindrical cylindrical cylinder is larger than that of the cylinder.

③托辊转动不灵活，使输送带两侧受力不均；

3. The idler rolls are not flexible enough to make the two sides of the conveyor belt unevenly distributed.

④滚筒间圆柱轴线的平行度误差较大；

(4) the parallelism error of cylindrical axis between cylinders is large.

⑤输送带本身质量有问题，薄厚不均，运转时引起震动或带两边边缘的长度不一致，导致输送带跑偏；

(5) the quality of the conveyor belt is uneven and the thickness is uneven. When running, it causes vibration or the length of the two sides of the belt is inconsistent, leading to the deviation of the conveyor belt.

⑥输送带的接头不平行，联接误差较大。

The joints of the conveyor belts are not parallel, and the connection errors are large.

(2)安装调整方面：

(2) installation and adjustment aspects:

①传动、改向滚筒轴线与输送机的中心线垂直度误差较大，运转时使输送带与水平线之间产生较大的倾角；

(1) the error of the perpendicularity of the transmission line and the axis of the change drum is much larger than that of the conveyor's center line.

②托辊轴线与输送机中心线垂直度误差较大；

(2) the verticality error of idler axis and conveyor center line is larger.

③机架与地面联接强度不够，机架不稳；

3. The connection strength between the rack and the ground is not enough, and the frame is unstable.

④导料槽、卸料槽的导料挡板安装位置不当，运转时使输送带两边受力不均引起跑偏。

4. The installation position of the guide plate of the guiding trough and the discharging trough is not proper. When running, the uneven force on the two sides of the conveyor belt causes uneven running.

(3)使用维护方面：

(3) the use of maintenance:

①清扫器的清扫性能不佳，使用中使滚筒或托辊外圆直径局部增大；②供料口位置不当，使物料在输送带上偏载；

(1) the cleaning performance of the sweeper is not good, and the diameter of the outer diameter of the roller or the idler is increased locally.

③维护及调整不当；

(3) improper maintenance and adjustment;

④对于钢丝绳芯输送带，由于制造中各钢丝芯受力不均，使输送带在运转中发生跑偏，或输送带强差，受载后伸长量大，引起振动，发生跑偏；

(4) for the wire rope core conveyer belt, due to the uneven force of the steel wire core in the manufacturing, the conveyer belt runs off in operation, or the conveyor belt is strong, and the elongation is large, causing vibration and deviation.

⑤运转时输送机系统的振动也会引起输送带的跑偏。

The vibration of conveyor system will also cause deviation of conveyor belt when running.

2防止和消除输送带跑偏的措施

2 measures to prevent and eliminate the deviation of the conveyer belt

对于因设备制造方面的原因引起的输送带跑偏，主要通过提高设计、制造的精度来预防和减少输送带跑偏现象的发生。

The belt running deviation caused by the cause of equipment manufacturing is mainly prevented and reduced by improving the precision of design and manufacture.

对于因安装调整不当和日常使用方面的原因引起的跑偏，则应从以下方面加以考虑。

The deviation caused by improper installation and daily use should be considered from the following aspects.

1) 输送带在驱动滚筒或尾部滚筒上的跑偏，通常用调整滚筒轴承座位置的方法来消除。具体情况具体分析，采用下述方法有针对性地加以解决。

1) the deviation of the conveyor belt on the driving drum or the tail drum is usually eliminated by adjusting the position of the roller bearing seat. Specific analysis of the specific circumstances, the following methods are targeted to solve.

a. 滚筒自身转动轴线与输送机纵向中心线不垂直，造成输送带一边松一边紧，带自紧边向松边移动，发生跑偏现象。应当调整紧边的轴承座位置，以使带的横向拉力相等，消除跑偏。如果尾部滚筒为螺旋式张紧滚筒时，尾部跑偏的原因也可能是由于张紧装置的两边螺旋杆顶紧力不相等，造成失衡而引起的。

The rotation axis of the A. drum is not perpendicular to the vertical center line of the conveyor, causing the belt to be loose and tight, and moving from the tight edge to the loose edge, and the deviation occurs. The position of the bearing seat should be adjusted so as to make the transverse pulling force of the belt equal and eliminate the deviation. If the tail roller is a spiral tensioning drum, the reason for the deviation of the tail may be caused by the unequal tension on the top of the screw rod on both sides of the tensioner.

b. 滚筒轴线不水平，两端轴承高低差是引起头或尾跑偏的另一个原因。此时可通过在滚筒两端轴承座适当加减垫片的方法调平滚筒轴线，即可消除输送带的跑偏。

B. drum axis is not horizontal, bearing height at both ends is another reason that causes head or tail deviation. At this time, the deviation of the conveyor belt can be eliminated by adjusting the roller axis properly by adding and reducing gaskets at the two ends of the drum.

c. 滚筒表面粘附物料，相当于加大了滚筒局部直径，应当加强输送带的空段清扫以减少物料的粘附或灰尘在输送带上的聚积。

C. roller surface adhesion material, equivalent to increase the local diameter of the drum, should strengthen the conveyor belt clearance to reduce the adhesion of materials or dust on the conveyor belt accumulation.

2) 另外，输送带在机头与机尾之间的跑偏，称为中部或局部跑偏。这类跑偏的原因较为复杂，它与输送带沿程装置的接触有关，需对具体问题进行具体分析，采用以下方法有针对性地加以解决。

2) in addition, the deviation of the conveyor belt between the nose and the tail is called central or partial deviation. The reason for this kind of deviation is more complicated. It is related to the contact of the belt along the conveyor belt. It is necessary to make a specific analysis of the specific problems and solve it with the following methods.

a. 有载分支或无载分支托辊轴线与输送带运行中心线不垂直，引起输送带在托辊处跑偏。应将跑偏侧托辊向输送带运行方向调整。此时往往需要调整相邻几组托辊才能达到消除跑偏的目的，每组的调偏角度不应过大。

The axis of A. carrying or unloaded branch rollers is not perpendicular to the central line of the conveyor belt, causing the conveyor belt to run away at the idler. The running direction of the running roller should be adjusted to the conveyor belt. At this point, it is often necessary to adjust the adjacent groups of idlers to achieve the purpose of eliminating deviation. The deviation angle of each group should not be too large.

b. 输送带的接头接口与胶带中心线不垂直（喇叭口）引起的跑偏，应通过安装时提高带的联接精度来消除。

The deviation caused by the joint interface between the B. conveyor belt and the central line of the adhesive tape is eliminated by increasing the connection accuracy during installation.

c. 向输送带上加载物料的方向不正，使物料的块度和重量沿带宽方向分布严重不均，引起跑偏，应通过适当调整落料管和导料槽位置的方法来消除。

The direction of the loading material on the C. conveyer belt is not correct, so that the bulk and weight of the material are not evenly distributed along the bandwidth direction, causing the deviation. It should be eliminated by proper adjustment of the position of the blanking tube and the guide slot.

d. 近年来，也有人提出应用气膜的方法进行输送带的调偏。但因其制造成本过高，加之目前仍有一些技术问题未能很好地解决，使得此方法一时还很难推广应用。

In recent years, D. has also put forward the method of using gas film to adjust the conveyor belt. However, because of its high manufacturing cost and the fact that there are still some technical problems that can not be well solved, it is difficult to popularize this method for a time.

托辊运转不灵活的主要原因及解决措施

Main reasons and Countermeasures for idling operation of idlers

皮带输送机中托辊的数量很多，是输送机重要的零件之一，其

There are a large number of idlers in belt conveyors, which are one of the important parts of conveyor.